Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: Candida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections.\nThis investigation aimed to study the prevalence of Candida spp. and to analyze the ABC genotypes of 76 clinical isolates\nof C. albicans obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil.\nMethods: We typed 48 strains with ABC genotyping and Microsatelitte using primer M13 and tested three virulence\nfactors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils\nphagocytosis.\nResults: C. albicans was the most prevalent species (86.4%), followed by C. tropicalis (4.5%). C. albicans genotype A was\nthe most prevalent (58 isolates; 76.4%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 19.7%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 3.9%).\nWhen Microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within\nthe same cluster. The majority of Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C\nwas considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil\nshowed also better ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis.\nConclusions: We found a high rate of C. albicans genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of\npatients. This study characterized oral C. albicans strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute\nto a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis....
Background: Bulang is an ethnic minority group living in Yunnan in the southwestern part of China. There is little\ninformation pertaining to the oral health of Bulang children. This study aims to examine the dental caries and\nperiodontal status of 12-year-old Bulang children in China and the factors affecting their oral-health status.\nMethods: 12-year-old Bulang school children in Yunnan, China, were recruited through a multi-stage cluster\nsampling method. Following the recommendation of the World Health Organization, caries experiences were\nrecorded using the DMFT index and periodontal status with the CPI index. A self-completed questionnaire was used\nto collect information on the background and oral health-related behaviours of the children.\nResults: A total of 900 children in primary schools were invited, and 873 (97%) joined the survey. Their caries\nprevalence was 35%. Their caries experience in mean DMFT (�±SD) score was 0.6 �± 1.1, and 94% of the carious teeth\nhad no treatment. Most children (71%) had bleeding gums, and 58% of them had calculus. Girls and those who\nhad visited a dentist in the previous year had higher caries risk.\nConclusions: Dental caries was common among the 12-year-old Bulang children in China. Most of the carious\nteeth were left untreated. Caries prevalence was associated with gender and dental attendance. Their periodontal\ncondition was poor, and more than half of them had calculus....
Background: Dentists are considered role models by the general population in regards to oral hygiene and oral\nhealth behavior. This study aimed to access the oral health status of dentists and laypersons, and compare the\ndentists� practice of preventive dentistry and oral self-care behaviors to that of the laypersons.\nMethods: This cross-sectional study recruited 472 participants (195 dentists and 277 laypersons from the general\npopulation). Their oral health/hygiene behavior was assessed using a standardized close-ended multiple choice\nquestionnaire. Oral examination was performed to assess caries using Decayed Missed Filled teeth (DMFT) index\nand periodontal status using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).\nResults: Ninety-six percent of dentists brushed their teeth at least once daily, using fluoridated toothpaste and\n80.5% twice daily. Although 94% of laypersons brushed their teeth once daily, they seldom used fluoridated\ntoothpaste. Ten percent of participants in each group were caries free. The mean number of teeth present in the\noral cavity (27.4 versus 25.4), mean number of teeth with caries (1.8 versus 3.7) and fillings (2.5 versus 0.4) were\nsignificantly different (p < 0.0001) between dentists and laypersons, respectively. Regarding the periodontal status,\n82% of dentists had CPITN score of 0 whereas 71% of laypersons had the highest score 3 (p = 0.007), and 81% of\nthe laypersons reported tooth mobility compared to 1% of dentists (p < 0.0001).\nConclusions: The participating dentists had better periodontal status and better self-reported oral health behaviors\nthan the laypersons. Despite similar prevalence of caries in the two groups, the prevalence of decayed and unfilled\nteeth was lower among the dentists....
Background: The effects of fluoride and CPP-ACP before bracket bonding on the shear bond strength of\northodontic brackets have been reported with contradicting results. The objective of this in vitro study was to\nevaluate the effect of different preventive agents namely; casein phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-phosphate\n(CPP-ACP), fluoride-containing-CPP-ACP (CPP-ACPF) and 5% sodium fluoride (5% NaF), on the enamel-bracket shear\nbond strength (SBS) and to compare their effects when applied before or after acid-etching.\nMethods: Human premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven groups (16 teeth per group) as follows: the\ncontrol group, where no preventive agent was applied on the enamel and 6 experimental groups. Teeth in groups 1a,\n2a, and 3a were treated with CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACPF paste, and 5% NaF, respectively before acid-etching. Teeth in\ngroups 1b, 2b and 3b were treated using the same preventive agents after acid-etching. The brackets were then\nbonded and the teeth were thermocycled. The brackets'' SBS was measured and the adhesive remnant was assessed\nusing adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were performed to compare the SBS\namong different groups. Chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in ARI scores between the groups.\nResults: Enamel surface treatment with CPP-ACPF after acid-etching significantly increased SBS compared to the\ncontrol and to its application before acid-etching (P < 0.05). Higher ARI index was recorded when the preventive agents\nwere applied after acid-etching.\nConclusion: Brackets'' SBS significantly increased when fluoride-containing-CPP-ACP was applied after acid-etching....
Background: The majority of young children receive no early dental examination while attending primary health\ncare for routine check-ups. Our aim was to study primary care nurses� knowledge of oral health care (OHC) and their\nattitudes toward delivering OHC, as well as to assess their willingness to obtain OHC information.\nMethods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of all primary-care nurses working in the public health centres of\nTehran city. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire queried their knowledge in paediatric-, general and\nmedicine-related areas of dentistry, providing knowledge scores for three domains. The nurses� attitudes toward\nOHC and their willingness to obtain OHC information underwent evaluation with statements utilizing a five-point\nLikert scale. Altogether 680 nurses took part in the survey. The Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA and logistic\nregression model served for statistical analyses.\nResult: The mean score for the paediatric dentistry domain (3.6, SD: 1.5) was lower than for the medical (4.4, SD: 2.3)\nand dental domains (5.8, SD: 1.5). Obtaining higher scores in the paediatric (OR = 1.2) and dental (OR = 1.3) domains,\nand a greater willingness to receive OHC information (OR = 5.3), were associated with a positive attitude toward OHC.\nNurses with a lower education (OR = 1.9) and better oral health behaviour (OR = 1.1) as well as those working in a\nnon-affluent region (OR = 1.6) had a more positive attitude toward OHC.\nConclusion: Primary care nurses� low level of knowledge in OHC and their positive attitude and willingness to obtain\nmore information point to the need for appropriate OHC training and encouragement for the nurses to promote oral\nhealth and prevent dental diseases...
Background: Self-efficacy plays an important role in oral health-related behaviours. There is little known about\nassociations between self-efficacy and subjective oral health among populations at heightened risk of dental\ndisease. This study aimed to determine if low self-efficacy was associated with poor self-rated oral health after\nadjusting for confounding among a convenience sample of pregnant women.\nMethods: We used self-reported data from 446 Australian women pregnant with an Aboriginal child (age range\n14ââ?¬â??43 years) to evaluate self-rated oral health, self-efficacy and socio-demographic, psychosocial, social cognitive\nand risk factors. Hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimated prevalence\nodds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for fair or poor self-rated oral health.\nResults: In an unadjusted model, those with low self-efficacy had 2.40 times the odds of rating their oral health as\nââ?¬Ë?fairââ?¬â?¢ or ââ?¬Ë?poorââ?¬â?¢ (95% CI 1.54ââ?¬â??3.74). Addition of socio-demographic factors attenuated the effect of low self-efficacy on\npoor self-rated oral health by 10 percent (POR 2.19, 95% CI 1.37ââ?¬â??3.51). Addition of the psychosocial factors attenuated\nthe odds by 17 percent (POR 2.07, 95% CI 1.28ââ?¬â??3.36), while addition of the social cognitive variable fatalism increased\nthe odds by 1 percent (POR 2.42, 95% CI 1.55ââ?¬â??3.78). Inclusion of the behavioural risk factor ââ?¬Ë?not brushing previous dayââ?¬â?¢\nattenuated the odds by 15 percent (POR 2.11, 95%CI 1.32ââ?¬â??3.36). In the final model, which included all covariates, the\nodds were attenuated by 32 percent (POR 1.80, 95% CI 1.05, 3.08).\nConclusions: Low self-efficacy persisted as a risk indicator for poor self-rated oral health after adjusting for confounding\namong this vulnerable population....
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